Burrell: 'I really hoped to carry on playing'
Important note: This article includes details of discriminatory comments and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to expose racism in professional rugby brought his career to an early conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, showing Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to retire because of what occurred," he explained to media outlets.
"I really wanted to carry on playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were investigations going on.
"That was challenging - I had to simply accept the outcome and accept that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not collect enough proof to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly overlooked for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told media he also faced prejudice within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him earn 15 caps after his first game in February 2014.
"I have had multiple traumatic experiences within the national team," he said.
"Some discrimination and some just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the problem that I've myself experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a extended period you just begin to think that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was eventually motivated to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the elite game and to the implementation of an strategy for the elite level."
"We has placed significant focus on inclusion and diversity in rugby union and a great deal of work completed both before and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and shared his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"The organization are ongoing work with teams and stakeholders in the professional game to strive for a culture of acceptance but acknowledge this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
Every Prem and women's rugby club now has face-to-face education on building inclusive cultures, with its success tracked via individual reports and surveys.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to intervene and defend others from harmful conduct.
"You be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your playing days, but in our view, you have achieved so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's dad Geoff died soon after the production of the documentary, and his sister died earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in his hometown, continues his work to make the game more accessible.
His charitable organization aims to connect with young people in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed both on the field with free sports training, mentoring and dietary education.
"My personal motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if nobody else is prepared to share their experience then I'll continue to advocate for that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"We have an responsibility to make the game as excellent as it can be and the more I talk about it hopefully the more comfortable others will become about sharing their personal stories as well.
"I take the bull by the opportunity and keep bearing this banner and continue supporting this weight and do what I can to develop opportunities and make the game more appealing and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely think that rugby has the ability to change their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in late 2022